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Ivan Borgman
Ivan Ivanovich Borgman (24 February 1849- 17 May 1914) was a Russian physicist who first demonstrated in 1897 that X-rays and radioactive materials induced thermoluminescence.
==Biography==
Borgman was born to a Russified Finnish-born father and a Russian mother. He entered the Physics and Mathematics department of Saint Petersburg State University, in 1866 and graduated in 1870. In 1873, Borgman went to the University of Heidelberg,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://guideheidelberg.de/article_single.php?lng=en&cid=10&aid=47 )〕 where he attended lectures and studied in the laboratory under the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. In 1875 he was appointed as a laboratory assistant at St. Petersburg University. Borgman received his Doctorate in 1882 after defending his thesis "On Slight heating of iron in the magnetization."
He became a professor of physics in Saint Petersburg State University from 1888. There he taught the famous physicist Alexander Popov. He along with Orest Khvolson taught one of the earliest course of electrical engineering in Russia.〔 In 1897, Borgman became the first scientist to demonstrate that X-rays and radioactive materials induce thermoluminescence.〔 He was also the first elected rector of the Saint Petersburg State University in 1905. He left the post in 1910.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ivan+Borgman )〕
Under the leadership of Borgman, the V. A. Fock Institute of Physics was created in 1901. He was the second director of the institute from March 1902 to 1914 after F. F. Petrushevsky.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.niif.spbu.ru/index_en.html )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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